The residents and ranchers of northern and western Arizona have been terrorized over the years by the hybrid wolves released into their region by federal officials. Today, Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich picked up the mantle and the State of Arizona and his office filed a motion to intervene in a lawsuit brought by several groups in July against the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service).
The lawsuit challenges some aspects of the Service’s revised 10(j) rule that governs the management of “Mexican” wolves in Arizona and New Mexico.
“The Arizona Game and Fish Department took this action to defend the state’s interests with respect to the Service’s revised 10(j) rule for Mexican wolves. The parameters in the revised 10(j) rule use sound scientific principles and address critical stakeholder concerns, one of the primary obstacles to successfully reestablishing Mexican wolves,” said Larry Voyles, director of the Arizona Game and Fish Department. “The groups that filed the suit against the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on this aspect of the reintroduction project lack an on-the-ground perspective of what changes will have the highest likelihood of success for Mexican wolves.”
The Service worked extensively with Arizona Game and Fish, as required by the Endangered Species Act (ESA), to develop the revised 10(j) rule. The coordination that took place between the Service and Game and Fish sought to balance the needs and interests of the Mexican wolf reintroduction project, local stakeholders and all other wildlife species held in trust by the department. The changes reflected in the revised 10(j) greatly increase the contribution made within the American Southwest to overall Mexican wolf recovery, which is a requirement of the ESA.
The lawsuit filed by WildEarth Guardians and others in July alleges the Service’s cooperation with the department is a violation of federal law.
“I trust Arizonans to determine what is best for our state and its wildlife,” said Attorney General Mark Brnovich.
“Game and Fish’s motion to intervene will help ensure we manage the reintroduction of the Mexican wolf in a manner that best conserves the species while protecting the property rights and interests of Arizonans.”
One of the points criticized in the revised 10(j) rule concerns expansion of the area to be occupied by Mexican wolves. In recommending the expansion of the 10(j) area by more than eight-times its previous size, the department used extensive biological studies to guide its recommendation for westward expansion of wolves in Arizona. Studies clearly indicate a relatively sparse ungulate population in western Arizona that is inadequate for supporting wolves. To allow wolves in the initial phase of expansion to disperse and occupy areas with limited prey is likely to lead to more conflicts between wolves and humans and domestic animals while providing limited value to wolf conservation.
Critics also disagree with the population objective defined in the new rule, although it is more than triple the population goal defined in the current Mexican wolf management plan. The population objective for Arizona’s 10(j) area is an important component of Mexican wolf recovery, but full recovery must incorporate Mexico as well, given that 90 percent of the historical habitat for Mexican wolves is south of the international border. ESA also maintains that a sub-species/ species should only be reestablished within its historical range, which the revised 10(j) rule accomplishes. The new rule will allow wolves a corridor to disperse into Mexico. Interconnection between wolves in Mexico and those in the Arizona-New Mexico population will increase genetic diversity.
As Jonathan DuHamel notes in his article; Are Mexican wolves in Arizona actually wolf-dog hybrids?, there is some evidence that the captive bred and wild Mexican wolves in Arizona are actually wolf-dog hybrids or wolf-coyote hybrids which would make them ineligible for protection under the Endangered Species Act.
Arizona State Rep. Mark Finchem stated, “I am very concerned that we have an animal that has admittedly been crossbred with the canine blood line, meaning it is no longer a Mexican gray wolf, but rather a mutt varmint, and is therefore nothing more than a new predator in an ecosystem that is already stressed.”
“When we consider the “Sovereign possessor” assertion, such animals are the “property” of the state, and not the federal government,”continued Finchem.
“Of further concern to me, is the idea that the federal courts do not have subject matter jurisdiction over property that belongs to the state of Arizona,” concluded Finchem, “and thus are not the court of competent jurisdiction.”
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Are Mexican wolves in Arizona actually wolf-dog hybrids?